聚焦微波辅助提取-酸性染料分光光度法测定农吉利中总生物碱

采用聚焦微波辅助提取(FMAE)结合溴麝香草酚蓝分光光度法测定农吉利中总生物碱。粒径为0.180 mm的样品,以甲醇为溶剂,料液比为1比25,在微波功率中火条件下提取50min。在pH 7.2的磷酸二氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液中,提取得到的生物碱与溴麝香草酚蓝酸性染料形成缔合物,用三氯甲烷萃取后,在最大吸收波长417nm处测量其吸光度。总生物碱的质量浓度在0.25~250mg·L-1范围内呈线性,方法的检出限(3S/N)为1.5mg·L-1。应用该方法测定农吉利药材中总生物碱,加标回收率为105%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于3.0%。     

无线携能通信系统中基于能量获取比例公平的波束成形设计

针对无线携能通信系统中存在能量获取不均衡的问题, 提出了一种基于能量获取比例公平的波束成形设计方案. 该方案在满足信息接收者的信干噪比以及发送端的最大发送功率等约束条件的基础上, 通过优化波束矢量实现能量获取的比例公平. 此设计在数学上是一个很难直接求解的非凸优化问题.为此, 本文首先利用半定松弛技术将其转换为半定规划问题, 然后结合二分法提出了可以获得最优波束矢量的迭代算法.此外, 在发送端仅知道部分信道状态信息且知道信道误差范围的情况下, 采用最差性能最优的方法对原优化问题进行了鲁棒波束成形设计, 并提出了相应的迭代算法. 仿真结果表明所提算法均可实现能量获取的比例公平且性能达到全局最优.     

An Overview of Key Technologies in Physical Layer Security

The open nature of radio propagation enables ubiquitous wireless communication. This allows for seamless data transmission. However, unauthorized users may pose a threat to the security of the data being transmitted to authorized users. This gives rise to network vulnerabilities such as hacking, eavesdropping, and jamming of the transmitted information. Physical layer security (PLS) has been identified as one of the promising security approaches to safeguard the transmission from eavesdroppers in a wireless network. It is an alternative to the computationally demanding and complex cryptographic algorithms and techniques. PLS has continually received exponential research interest owing to the possibility of exploiting the characteristics of the wireless channel. One of the main characteristics includes the random nature of the transmission channel. The aforesaid nature makes it possible for confidential and authentic signal transmission between the sender and the receiver in the physical layer. We start by introducing the basic theories of PLS, including the wiretap channel, information-theoretic security, and a brief discussion of the cryptography security technique. Furthermore, an overview of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication is provided. The main focus of our review is based on the existing key-less PLS optimization techniques, their limitations, and challenges. The paper also looks into the promising key research areas in addressing these shortfalls. Lastly, a comprehensive overview of some of the recent PLS research in 5G and 6G technologies of wireless communication networks is provided.     

Experimental and numerical study of the propagation of focused wave groups in the nearshore zone

The propagation of focused wave groups in intermediate water depth and the shoaling zone is experimentally and numerically considered in this paper. The experiments are carried out in a two-dimensional wave flume and wave trains derived from Pierson-Moskowitz and JONSWAP spectrum are generated. The peak frequency does not change during the wave train propagation for Pierson-Moskowitz waves; however, a downshift of this peak is observed for JONSWAP waves. An energy partitioning is performed in order to track the spatial evolution of energy. Four energy regions are defined for each spectrum type. A nonlinear energy transfer between different spectral regions as the wave train propagates is demonstrated and quantified. Numerical simulations are conducted using a modified Boussinesq model for long waves in shallow waters of varying depth. Experimental results are in satisfactory agreement with numerical predictions, especially in the case of wave trains derived from JONSWAP spectrum.     

瞬时混合盲源分离和最优波束形成的关系研究

最优波束形成和盲源分离是近几十年迅速发展起来的两种重要阵列信号处理方法,在瞬时混合情况下它们具有相似的信号模型,所以本文研究了二者之间的关系。指出,当不存在噪声时,多数盲源分离算法构造的是最优波束形成;当存在噪声时,可以利用盲源分离算法估计的信号导向向量设计最优波束形成。计算机仿真实验验证了这一结论。     

无线通信系统设计中的两个优化问题和相关优化方法

无线通信系统设计中的许多问题可建模为优化问题.一方面,这些优化问题常常具有高度的非线性性,一般情况下难于求解;另一方面,它们又有自身的特殊结构,例如隐含的凸性、可分性等.利用优化的方法结合问题的特殊结构求解和处理无线通信系统设计问题是近年来学术界研究的热点.本文重点讨论无线通信系统设计中的两个优化问题和相关优化方法,包括多用户干扰信道最大最小准则下的联合传输/接收波束成形设计和多输入多输出(Multi-Input Multi-Output,MIMO)检测问题,主要介绍现代优化技术结合问题的特殊结构在求解和处理上述两个问题的最新进展.     

A multi-beam ion/electron spectra-microscope design

This paper presents the design of a multi-beam charged particle instrument that simultaneously focuses electrons, gallium, oxygen and cesium ions onto the same sample. In addition, the instrument has provision to capture the spectra of both secondary electrons and ions in parallel. The mass spectrometer part of the instrument is expected to detect and identify secondary ion species across the entire range of the periodic table, and also record a portion of their emitted energy spectrum. The electron energy spectrometer part of the instrument is designed to acquire the entire range of scattered electrons, from the low-energy secondary electrons through to the elastic backscattered electrons.     

Weakly nonlinear focused ultrasound in viscoelastic media containing multiple bubbles

To facilitate practical medical applications such as cancer treatment utilizing focused ultrasound and bubbles, a mathematical model that can describe the soft viscoelasticity of human body, the nonlinear propagation of focused ultrasound, and the nonlinear oscillations of multiple bubbles is theoretically derived and numerically solved. The Zener viscoelastic model and Keller–Miksis bubble equation, which have been used for analyses of single or few bubbles in viscoelastic liquid, are used to model the liquid containing multiple bubbles. From the theoretical analysis based on the perturbation expansion with the multiple-scales method, the Khokhlov–Zabolotskaya–Kuznetsov (KZK) equation, which has been used as a mathematical model of weakly nonlinear propagation in single phase liquid, is extended to viscoelastic liquid containing multiple bubbles. The results show that liquid elasticity decreases the magnitudes of the nonlinearity, dissipation, and dispersion of ultrasound and increases the phase velocity of the ultrasound and linear natural frequency of the bubble oscillation. From the numerical calculation of resultant KZK equation, the spatial distribution of the liquid pressure fluctuation for the focused ultrasound is obtained for cases in which the liquid is water or liver tissue. In addition, frequency analysis is carried out using the fast Fourier transform, and the generation of higher harmonic components is compared for water and liver tissue. The elasticity suppresses the generation of higher harmonic components and promotes the remnant of the fundamental frequency components. This indicates that the elasticity of liquid suppresses shock wave formation in practical applications.     

平面波超声成像中的波束合成方法研究进展*

平面波成像通过单次全孔径发射-接收即可获取整幅图像,将成像帧频显著地提升至1000帧/秒以上。然而,平面波成像过程中发射的非聚焦波束将导致回波信号信噪比降低,进而使图像的分辨率和对比度变差。通过多角度相干复合成像技术可以改善平面波成像的图像质量,但是会以牺牲帧频为代价。因此研究人员们开始将新型波束合成技术引入平面波成像中,例如自适应波束合成、基于逆问题求解的波束合成及基于深度学习的波束合成方法等,以期实现图像质量和成像帧频间更好的权衡。该文综述了平面波成像中的新型波束合成方法领域的研究进展,并对该应用进行了总结和展望。     

Focused, phased-array plane piston and spherically-shaped concave piston transducers: comparison for the same aperture and focal point

It has sometimes been assumed that the phased-array plane piston transducer and the spherically-shaped concave piston transducer are equivalent structures when both have the same aperture and focal point. This assumption has not been previously examined, nor has an expression for the on-axis impulse response of the focused, phased-array plane piston transducer been derived. It is shown in this paper how such an expression can be obtained. Comparisons of the impulse response for both structures show similarities, as well as some differences that could be significant as the observation point approaches the focal point. Comparisons are also performed for wide-band pulses close to the focus as well as for sinusoidal excitation. A physical explanation for the cause of the impulse response discrepancy is shown to be due to the nature of the piston focusing delay and its effect on the Rayleigh integral.